Determining a scalp problem must always be carried out by a qualified trichologist, as many scalp conditions overlap, sharing the same symptoms such as itching and inflammation.
In this article, we caught up with Trichologist, Demi Griffiths of Midlands Trichology to discuss the most common scalp conditions…
The skin on our scalp is covered in sebaceous glands that secret sebum, an oily substance that acts as a lubricant for our skin and hair. This sebum can make our scalp a rich environment for microbes, which can bring on a myriad of problems that require professional and medical attention. Making an appointment with a qualified trichologist can be a great way to have a thorough evaluation of your scalp, offering treatments to support a healthy head of hair.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic long-term autoimmune disorder that involves periods of remission and relapse. Half of those suffering with psoriasis will have some form of scalp involvement. Psoriasis occurs due to rapid cell growth, which presents itself as areas of inflammation, itching and white scale build up.
A wide range of treatments are available for psoriasis but identifying the most effective one can be difficult. Your GP or Trichologist will be able to help and advise on the best treatment for you.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles located on any part of the body. It is very common with beards, arms, back, buttocks and legs, but it can also occur on the scalp. Folliculitis is usually caused by bacteria, fungus, or parasites with symptoms such as reddening, pain, burning, or itching near the hair strands. Sometimes the follicles can also become infected.
Treatment for folliculitis can include antibiotics, antifungals, steroids and laser hair removal.
Ringworm
Ringworm (tinea capitis) is a fungal infection that affects the scalp’s outer layer. Symptoms often involve a rash that is comprised of circular patches with raised red edges. Ringworm is a contagious condition that can be spread by touching an individual with ringworm or by sharing brushes, towels, hats etc.
Treatment for ringworm of the scalp requires a prescription antifungal medication from your GP. They may also recommend an antifungal shampoo as well.
Eczema
Eczema is a skin disorder that can affect the scalp as well as other parts of the body. Eczema can be genetic, or it can occur for no known reason, it can also be brought on by an allergy too. Common symptoms include itching, blistering, and thickened, scaly skin.
Treatment for eczema on the scalp will depend on the type diagnosed by your GP or Trichologist, but they can include specific moisturising treatments, steroids, and specialist medicated shampoos.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is considered a long-term inflammatory disorder. It is common on areas of the body with lots of oil glands, such as the scalp. Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis are red rashes, and greasy, yellow scale build on the scalp.
Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis include medicated shampoos, antifungal medications and hydrocortisone creams.
Head Lice
Head lice are caused by very small insects that attach tightly to the hair near the scalp. Head lice is well known for causing itching and small red bumps on the scalp.
Head lice should be treated as soon as they are spotted. Head lice can be removed by wet combing with a specialist comb or with lotions and sprays that can be purchased over the counter.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
This type of dermatitis is caused due to the scalp coming into contact with an allergen that causes a response from the immune system. One of the most common forms of contact dermatitis is with hair colour, which can cause mild to severe symptoms.
One of the most important steps in treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the allergens or irritants that affect you. If you can successfully avoid or reduce your exposure to the cause, you should not experience any symptoms. In very severe cases, specialist emollients and steroids can be prescribed to help calm the scalp’s reaction.
Malassezia Globosa
Malassezia globosa is a fungus found in the scalp glands that feeds on sebum (the oil produced by your sebaceous glands) in your hair follicles. When your scalp produces too much sebum, this can lead to an overgrowth of Malassezia and an abnormal build-up on your scalp. It is the root cause of dandruff. Not only can it cause an itchy, dry scalp, but it can also cause inflammation too.
Malassezia is treated with topical or oral antifungal agents, such as shampoos containing ketoconazole. You can buy most ketoconazole creams and shampoos in pharmacies and shops.
Most scalp conditions are common and not usually that serious and can be treated successfully. If you are dealing with a scalp issue, we highly recommend visiting a qualified trichologist where a physical examination will be carried out to help you determine the cause of your scalp condition.